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KMID : 1037620140010010017
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Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal
2014 Volume.1 No. 1 p.17 ~ p.23
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What is the Most Appropriste Method for Estimating the Depth for Endotracheal Tubes not to Pass through the Trachea of Korean Children in the Emergency Department?
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Cho Hyung-Rae
Lee Jeong-Yong
Kim Jung-Heon
Lee Jong-Seung
Ryu Jeong-Min
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Abstract
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Purpose: The more younger the child, the more complications of endotracheal intubation are likely, such as deep intubation, extubation, atelectasis, or barotraumas, because of the small diameter and short length of the trachea. Therefore, the exact placement of tube tip in the middle third of trachea is very important; however, normal reference ranges of the length from incisors to middle third of the trachea for Korean children is not prepared yet.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 48 children, who underwent endotracheal intubation in the emergency department of Asan Medical Center, between February 1997 and October 2007. After correcting the depth in actual tip positions by the difference between the actual intubation depths and calculated or measured depths by various methods, such as PALS guidelines, APLS formula, formula method, Broselow tape, and new formula, a comparison between these various methods was done.
Results: Most commonly, the tube position was too deep including position in the right main bronchus (71%). Among the children who underwent right main bronchus intubation, more than half were children less than 2 years of age (58%). The highest rate of appropriate tube position was observed when corrected using the PALS guideline (69%), and the lowest rate was observed in formula method (26%).
Conclusion: Meticulous intubation technique requires not to intubate too deep especially in young children less than 2 years of age. Physicians responsible for acute care of children should be knowledgeable of the PALS guideline for the appropriate depth of tracheal tube. However, it is also important to note the possibility of deep intubation while adhering to this guideline (approximately 40%). The development of methods or devices based on the distance from incisors to mid-portion of the trachea for Korean children is necessary.
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KEYWORD
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Child, Intubation, Airway Management, Emergencies
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